Trustworthy Scientific Inference with Generative Models

Abstract

Generative models are increasingly used for scientific inverse problems, but their posterior or predictive uncertainty can still be biased or overconfident. This paper introduces Frequentist-Bayes (FreB), a protocol that reshapes AI-generated posterior distributions into locally valid confidence regions with the intended coverage while remaining efficient when training and target distributions agree. The approach is demonstrated on physical-science case studies involving dataset shift, competing theoretical models, and selection effects.

Publication
Machine Learning: Science and Technology